Home  ›  Dmitri Mendeleev Black and White Art Dmitri Mendeleev Black and White Art His Head

Dmitri Mendeleev Black and White Art Dmitri Mendeleev Black and White Art His Head

Written By Friday, 29 April 2022 Add Comment Edit

Russian chemist (1834–1907)

Dmitri Mendeleev
DIMendeleevCab.jpg

Mendeleev in 1897
Built-in

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev


(1834-02-08)8 Feb 1834

Verkhnie Aremzyani, Tobolsk Governorate, Russian Empire
Died 2 February 1907(1907-02-02) (aged 72)

Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Alma mater St. petersburg University
Known for Formulating the periodic table of chemic elements
Spouse(s)

Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva

​

​

(m. 1862; div. 1882)​

Anna Ivanovna Popova

​

​

(k. 1882)​
Awards
  • Davy Medal (1882)
  • Faraday Lectureship Prize (1889)
  • ForMemRS (1892)[1]
Scientific career
Fields
  • Chemistry
  • physics
Academic advisors Gustav Kirchhoff
Signature
Mendelejew signature.jpg

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (sometimes transliterated as Mendeleyev or Mendeleef) ( MEN-dəl-AY-əf;[2] Russian: Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев,[note 1] tr. Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev , IPA: [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ mʲɪnʲdʲɪˈlʲejɪf] ( listen ); 8 February 1834 – 2 February 1907 [Bone 27 Jan 1834 – twenty Jan 1907]) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is best known for formulating the Periodic Police force and creating a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements. He used the Periodic Police non merely to correct the then-accepted properties of some known elements, such equally the valence and diminutive weight of uranium, but also to predict the backdrop of three elements that were yet to exist discovered.

Early on life

Portraits of Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva and Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev (c. early 19th century)

Mendeleev was built-in in the hamlet of Verkhnie Aremzyani, virtually Tobolsk in Siberia, to Ivan Pavlovich Mendeleev [ru] (1783–1847) and Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (née Kornilieva) (1793–1850).[3] [4] Ivan worked as a schoolhouse chief and a teacher of fine arts, politics and philosophy at the Tambov and Saratov gymnasiums.[five] Ivan's father, Pavel Maximovich Sokolov, was a Russian Orthodox priest from the Tver region.[half dozen] As per the tradition of priests of that time, Pavel's children were given new family names while attention the theological seminary,[vii] with Ivan getting the family unit proper noun Mendeleev later the proper name of a local landlord.[8]

Maria Kornilieva came from a well-known family of Tobolsk merchants, founders of the first Siberian printing house who traced their ancestry to Yakov Korniliev, a 17th-century posad man turned a wealthy merchant.[9] [10] In 1889, a local librarian published an commodity in the Tobolsk newspaper where he claimed that Yakov was a baptized Teleut, an ethnic minority known as "white Kalmyks" at the time.[11] Since no sources were provided and no documented facts of Yakov's life were ever revealed, biographers generally dismiss information technology equally a myth.[12] [13] In 1908, soon after Mendeleev'southward death, one of his nieces published Family Chronicles. Memories about D. I. Mendeleev where she voiced "a family fable" well-nigh Maria'southward grandfather who married "a Kyrgyz or Tatar beauty whom he loved so much that when she died, he also died from grief".[14] This, however, contradicts the documented family unit chronicles, and neither of those legends is supported by Mendeleev'southward autobiography, his daughter's or his wife'south memoirs.[4] [15] [xvi] Yet some Western scholars still refer to Mendeleev'south supposed "Mongol", "Tatar", "Tartarian" or simply "Asian" ancestry as a fact.[17] [18] [19] [twenty]

Mendeleev was raised as an Orthodox Christian, his mother encouraging him to "patiently search divine and scientific truth".[21] His son would later inform her that he departed from the Church and embraced a form of "romanticized deism".[22]

Mendeleev was the youngest of 17 siblings, of whom "simply 14 stayed live to be baptized" co-ordinate to Mendeleev'southward brother Pavel, meaning the others died soon after their birth.[5] The exact number of Mendeleev'south siblings differs among sources and is even so a matter of some historical dispute.[23] [24] Unfortunately for the family'south financial well-being, his male parent became bullheaded and lost his teaching position. His mother was forced to piece of work and she restarted her family's abased glass factory. At the age of thirteen, afterward the passing of his begetter and the destruction of his mother'due south factory by fire, Mendeleev attended the Gymnasium in Tobolsk.

In 1849, his mother took Mendeleev across Russian federation from Siberia to Moscow with the aim of getting Mendeleev enrolled at the Moscow University.[8] The university in Moscow did not accept him. The mother and son continued to St. petersburg to the father'south alma mater. The at present poor Mendeleev family relocated to Saint Petersburg, where he entered the Main Pedagogical Institute in 1850. After graduation, he contracted tuberculosis, causing him to move to the Crimean Peninsula on the northern declension of the Blackness Sea in 1855. While in that location, he became a scientific discipline main of the 1st Simferopol Gymnasium. In 1857, he returned to Saint Petersburg with fully restored health.

Between 1859 and 1861, he worked on the capillarity of liquids and the workings of the spectroscope in Heidelberg. Later in 1861, he published a textbook named Organic Chemical science.[25] This won him the Demidov Prize of the Petersburg University of Sciences.[25]

On iv April 1862, he became engaged to Feozva Nikitichna Leshcheva, and they married on 27 April 1862 at Nikolaev Engineering science Found's church building in Saint Petersburg (where he taught).[26]

Mendeleev became a professor at the Petrograd Technological Constitute and Leningrad State University in 1864,[25] and 1865, respectively. In 1865, he became a Medico of Science for his dissertation "On the Combinations of H2o with Alcohol". He accomplished tenure in 1867 at St. petersburg University and started to teach inorganic chemistry while succeeding Voskresenskii to this postal service;[25] past 1871, he had transformed Saint petersburg into an internationally recognized middle for chemistry research.

Periodic tabular array

Mendeleev's 1871 periodic tabular array

Sculpture in award of Mendeleev and the periodic tabular array, located in Bratislava, Slovakia

In 1863, in that location were 56 known elements with a new element being discovered at a rate of approximately one per year. Other scientists had previously identified periodicity of elements. John Newlands described a Constabulary of Octaves, noting their periodicity according to relative atomic weight in 1864, publishing it in 1865. His proposal identified the potential for new elements such equally germanium. The concept was criticized, and his innovation was not recognized past the Guild of Chemists until 1887. Another person to suggest a periodic table was Lothar Meyer, who published a paper in 1864 describing 28 elements classified by their valence, but with no predictions of new elements.

Subsequently condign a teacher in 1867, Mendeleev wrote Principles of Chemistry (Russian: Основы химии, romanized: Osnovy khimii ), which became the definitive textbook of its time. It was published in two volumes between 1868 and 1870, and Mendeleev wrote it every bit he was preparing a textbook for his form.[25] This is when he fabricated his most important discovery.[25] As he attempted to classify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed patterns that led him to postulate his periodic tabular array; he claimed to have envisioned the consummate organisation of the elements in a dream:[27] [28] [29] [30] [31]

I saw in a dream a table where all elements barbarous into place as required. Awakening, I immediately wrote it down on a piece of paper, only in one identify did a correction subsequently seem necessary.

—Mendeleev, as quoted past Inostrantzev[32] [33]

Unaware of the before work on periodic tables going on in the 1860s, he fabricated the post-obit table:

Cl 35.five Thou 39 Ca twoscore
Br 80 Rb 85 Sr 88
I 127 Cs 133 Ba 137

By adding additional elements following this pattern, Mendeleev developed his extended version of the periodic table.[34] [35] On 6 March 1869, he made a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society, titled The Dependence between the Backdrop of the Atomic Weights of the Elements, which described elements co-ordinate to both atomic weight (now called relative diminutive mass) and valence.[36] [37] This presentation stated that

  1. The elements, if arranged according to their atomic weight, exhibit an apparent periodicity of properties.
  2. Elements which are like regarding their chemical properties either accept similar atomic weights (e.grand., Pt, Ir, Bone) or accept their diminutive weights increasing regularly (e.g., K, Rb, Cs).
  3. The arrangement of the elements in groups of elements in the order of their atomic weights corresponds to their and so-called valencies, as well as, to some extent, to their distinctive chemical properties; as is apparent among other series in that of Li, Be, B, C, Due north, O, and F.
  4. The elements which are the most widely diffused have small atomic weights.
  5. The magnitude of the diminutive weight determines the character of the element, just as the magnitude of the molecule determines the graphic symbol of a compound body.
  6. Nosotros must expect the discovery of many yet unknown elements – for example, 2 elements, coordinating to aluminium and silicon, whose atomic weights would exist between 65 and 75.
  7. The atomic weight of an chemical element may sometimes be amended by a knowledge of those of its face-to-face elements. Thus the atomic weight of tellurium must prevarication between 123 and 126, and cannot be 128. (Tellurium's atomic weight is 127.half-dozen, and Mendeleev was incorrect in his assumption that atomic weight must increment with position within a period.)
  8. Certain characteristic backdrop of elements can be foretold from their atomic weights.

Mendeleev published his periodic table of all known elements and predicted several new elements to consummate the table in a Russian-language journal. Only a few months subsequently, Meyer published a virtually identical tabular array in a German-linguistic communication journal.[38] [39] Mendeleev has the distinction of accurately predicting the properties of what he called ekasilicon, ekaaluminium and ekaboron (germanium, gallium and scandium, respectively).[40] [41]

Mendeleev too proposed changes in the properties of some known elements. Prior to his work, uranium was supposed to have valence iii and diminutive weight about 120. Mendeleev realized that these values did not fit in his periodic table, and doubled both to valence 6 and atomic weight 240 (close to the modern value of 238).[42]

For his predicted three elements, he used the prefixes of eka, dvi, and tri (Sanskrit one, two, three) in their naming. Mendeleev questioned some of the currently accepted diminutive weights (they could be measured only with a relatively low accurateness at that fourth dimension), pointing out that they did non stand for to those suggested past his Periodic Constabulary. He noted that tellurium has a higher atomic weight than iodine, only he placed them in the right order, incorrectly predicting that the accustomed atomic weights at the time were at fault. He was puzzled well-nigh where to put the known lanthanides, and predicted the existence of some other row to the tabular array which were the actinides which were some of the heaviest in atomic weight. Some people dismissed Mendeleev for predicting that there would exist more elements, merely he was proven to be correct when Ga (gallium) and Ge (germanium) were found in 1875 and 1886 respectively, plumbing equipment perfectly into the two missing spaces.[43]

Past using Sanskrit prefixes to name "missing" elements, Mendeleev may accept recorded his debt to the Sanskrit grammarians of ancient India, who had created sophisticated theories of language based on their discovery of the two-dimensional patterns of speech sounds (arguably most strikingly exemplified by the Śivasūtras in Pāṇini's Sanskrit grammar). Mendeleev was a friend and colleague of the Sanskritist Otto von Böhtlingk, who was preparing the second edition of his book on Pāṇini[44] at about this time, and Mendeleev wished to honor Pāṇini with his nomenclature.[45] [46] [47]

The original draft made by Mendeleev would be found years later on and published under the proper noun Tentative Organization of Elements. [48]

Dmitri Mendeleev is often referred to every bit the Father of the Periodic Tabular array. He called his table or matrix, "the Periodic System".[49]

Afterward life

In 1876, he became obsessed[ citation needed ] with Anna Ivanova Popova and began courtship her; in 1881 he proposed to her and threatened suicide if she refused. His divorce from Leshcheva was finalized ane month after he had married Popova (on 2 April[50]) in early 1882. Fifty-fifty after the divorce, Mendeleev was technically a bigamist; the Russian Orthodox Church required at least seven years before lawful remarriage. His divorce and the surrounding controversy contributed to his failure to exist admitted to the Russian University of Sciences (despite his international fame by that time). His daughter from his 2nd marriage, Lyubov, became the wife of the famous Russian poet Alexander Blok. His other children were son Vladimir (a sailor, he took role in the notable Eastern journey of Nicholas 2) and daughter Olga, from his first matrimony to Feozva, and son Ivan and twins from Anna.

Though Mendeleev was widely honored by scientific organizations all over Europe, including (in 1882) the Davy Medal from the Majestic Social club of London (which later also awarded him the Copley Medal in 1905),[51] he resigned from Leningrad University on 17 Baronial 1890. He was elected a Strange Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1892,[i] and in 1893 he was appointed director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures, a mail which he occupied until his death.[51]

Mendeleev also investigated the composition of petroleum, and helped to establish the first oil refinery in Russia. He recognized the importance of petroleum as a feedstock for petrochemicals. He is credited with a remark that called-for petroleum equally a fuel "would be akin to firing upwardly a kitchen stove with depository financial institution notes".[52]

In 1905, Mendeleev was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The following yr the Nobel Committee for Chemistry recommended to the Swedish Academy to award the Nobel Prize in Chemical science for 1906 to Mendeleev for his discovery of the periodic arrangement. The Chemistry Department of the Swedish Academy supported this recommendation. The University was and so supposed to approve the Committee'southward selection, as information technology has washed in most every case. Unexpectedly, at the full meeting of the Academy, a dissenting member of the Nobel Commission, Peter Klason, proposed the candidacy of Henri Moissan whom he favored. Svante Arrhenius, although not a fellow member of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry, had a great deal of influence in the University and as well pressed for the rejection of Mendeleev, arguing that the periodic organisation was too old to acknowledge its discovery in 1906. According to the contemporaries, Arrhenius was motivated by the grudge he held against Mendeleev for his critique of Arrhenius's dissociation theory. After heated arguments, the majority of the University chose Moissan past a margin of one vote.[53] The attempts to nominate Mendeleev in 1907 were over again frustrated by the absolute opposition of Arrhenius.[54]

In 1907, Mendeleev died at the historic period of 72 in Saint Petersburg from influenza. His last words were to his physician: "Md, you take science, I have organized religion," which is peradventure a Jules Verne quote.[55]

Other achievements

Mendeleev made other important contributions to chemistry. The Russian chemist and science historian Lev Chugaev characterized him every bit "a chemist of genius, fantabulous physicist, a fruitful researcher in the fields of hydrodynamics, meteorology, geology, certain branches of chemical engineering (explosives, petroleum, and fuels, for case) and other disciplines next to chemistry and physics, a thorough skillful of chemical manufacture and industry in full general, and an original thinker in the field of economy." Mendeleev was one of the founders, in 1869, of the Russian Chemic Society. He worked on the theory and exercise of protectionist merchandise and on agriculture.

In an attempt at a chemical conception of the aether, he put forward a hypothesis that in that location existed two inert chemic elements of lesser atomic weight than hydrogen.[51] Of these 2 proposed elements, he idea the lighter to be an all-penetrating, all-pervasive gas, and the slightly heavier ane to be a proposed element, coronium.

Mendeleev devoted much study and made important contributions to the determination of the nature of such indefinite compounds as solutions.

In another department of concrete chemical science, he investigated the expansion of liquids with rut, and devised a formula similar to Gay-Lussac'south police force of the uniformity of the expansion of gases, while in 1861 he anticipated Thomas Andrews' conception of the critical temperature of gases past defining the absolute boiling-indicate of a substance every bit the temperature at which cohesion and rut of vaporization become equal to zero and the liquid changes to vapor, irrespective of the pressure and volume.[51]

Mendeleev is given credit for the introduction of the metric organization to the Russian Empire.

He invented pyrocollodion, a kind of smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose. This work had been commissioned by the Russian Navy, which however did not prefer its use. In 1892 Mendeleev organized its manufacture.

Mendeleev studied petroleum origin and concluded hydrocarbons are abiogenic and form deep inside the earth – see Abiogenic petroleum origin. He wrote: "The capital fact to notation is that petroleum was born in the depths of the earth, and it is simply there that nosotros must seek its origin." (Dmitri Mendeleev, 1877)[56]

Activities beyond chemistry

Beginning in the 1870s, he published widely beyond chemistry, looking at aspects of Russian industry, and technical issues in agricultural productivity. He explored demographic issues, sponsored studies of the Arctic Ocean, tried to measure the efficacy of chemical fertilizers, and promoted the merchant navy.[57] He was peculiarly active in improving the Russian petroleum industry, making detailed comparisons with the more advanced industry in Pennsylvania.[58] Although not well-grounded in economics, he had observed manufacture throughout his European travels, and in 1891 he helped convince the Ministry of Finance to impose temporary tariffs with the aim of fostering Russian babe industries.[59]

In 1890 he resigned his professorship at St. petersburg University post-obit a dispute with officials at the Ministry of Education over the treatment of university students.[60] In 1892 he was appointed director of Russia's Fundamental Agency of Weights and Measures, and led the way to standardize primal prototypes and measurement procedures. He fix an inspection organisation, and introduced the metric system to Russian federation.[61] [62]

He debated against the scientific claims of spiritualism, arguing that metaphysical idealism was no more than ignorant superstition. He bemoaned the widespread acceptance of spiritualism in Russian civilisation, and its negative effects on the study of scientific discipline.[63]

Vodka myth

A very popular Russian story credits Mendeleev with setting the xl% standard strength of vodka. For example, Russian Standard vodka advertises: "In 1894, Dmitri Mendeleev, the greatest scientist in all Russia, received the prescript to gear up the Imperial quality standard for Russian vodka and the 'Russian Standard' was born"[64] Others cite "the highest quality of Russian vodka canonical past the imperial government commission headed past Mendeleev in 1894".[65]

In fact, the 40% standard was already introduced by the Russian government in 1843, when Mendeleev was nine years old.[65] Information technology is true that Mendeleev in 1892 became head of the Annal of Weights and Measures in Leningrad, and evolved it into a government bureau the following twelvemonth, but that establishment was charged with standardising Russian trade weights and measuring instruments, non setting any production quality standards, Also, Mendeleev's 1865 doctoral dissertation was entitled "A Discourse on the combination of alcohol and water", just it only discussed medical-forcefulness booze concentrations over 70%, and he never wrote anything about vodka.[65] [66]

Commemoration

A number of places and objects are associated with the proper name and achievements of the scientist.

In St. petersburg his proper noun was given to D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology, the National Metrology Institute,[67] dealing with establishing and supporting national and worldwide standards for precise measurements. Next to it there is a monument to him that consists of his sitting statue and a delineation of his periodic tabular array on the wall of the institution.

In the Twelve Collegia building, now being the middle of Leningrad Country University and in Mendeleev'south fourth dimension – Caput Pedagogical Institute – there is Dmitry Mendeleev'south Memorial Museum Flat[68] with his archives. The street in front end of these is named after him equally Mendeleevskaya liniya (Mendeleev Line).

In Moscow, there is the D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia.[69]

Afterward him was also named mendelevium, which is a constructed element with the symbol Md (formerly Mv) and the atomic number 101. Information technology is a metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, normally synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles.

The mineral mendeleevite-Ce, Cs
6 (Ce
22 Ca
half dozen )(Si
lxx O
175 )(OH,F)
14 (H
ii O)
21 , was named in Mendeleev's honor in 2010.[70] The related species mendeleevite-Nd, Cs
6 [(Nd,REE)
23 Ca
vii ](Si
70 O
175 )(OH,F)
nineteen (H
ii O)
16 , was described in 2015.[71]

A big lunar impact crater Mendeleev, that is located on the far side of the Moon, as well bears the name of the scientist.

The Russian Academy of Sciences has occasionally awarded a Mendeleev Golden Medal since 1965.[72]

See also

  • List of Russian chemists
  • Mendeleev's predicted elements
  • Periodic systems of modest molecules

Notes

  1. ^ In Mendeleev'south twenty-four hour period, his proper noun was written Дмитрій Ивановичъ Менделѣевъ .

References

  1. ^ a b "Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Majestic Order. Archived from the original on sixteen March 2015.
  2. ^ "Mendeleev". Random Business firm Webster's Entire Dictionary.
  3. ^ Rao, C N R; Rao, Indumati (2015). Lives and Times of Great Pioneers in Chemical science: (Lavoisier to Sanger). World Scientific. p. 119. ISBN978-981-4689-07-6.
  4. ^ a b Maria Mendeleeva (1951). D. I. Mendeleev's Annal: Autobiographical Writings. Collection of Documents. Volume 1 // Biographical notes about D. I. Mendeleev (written by me – D. Mendeleev), p. thirteen. – Leningrad: D. I. Mendeleev'south Museum-Archive, 207 pages (in Russian)
  5. ^ a b Maria Mendeleeva (1951). D. I. Mendeleev'southward Archive: Autobiographical Writings. Collection of Documents. Book 1 // From a family tree documented in 1880 by brother Pavel Ivanovich, p. 11. Leningrad: D. I. Mendeleev's Museum-Archive, 207 pages (in Russian)
  6. ^ Dmitriy Mendeleev: A Short CV, and A Story of Life, mendcomm.org
  7. ^ Удомельские корни Дмитрия Ивановича Менделеева (1834–1907) Archived viii September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, starina.library.tver.ru
  8. ^ a b Larcher, Alf (21 June 2019). "A mother's dearest: Maria Dmitrievna Mendeleeva". Chemistry in Australia magazine. Royal Australian Chemical Institute. ISSN 1839-2539. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  9. ^ Yuri Mandrika (2004). Tobolsk Governorate Vedomosti: Staff and Authors. Anthology of Tobolsk Journalism of the belatedly Nineteen – early XX centuries in 2 Books // From the interview with Maria Mendeleeva, born Kornilieva, p. 351. Tumen: Mandr i Ka, 624 pages
  10. ^ Elena Konovalova (2006). A Book of the Tobolsk Governance. 1790–1917. Novosibirsk: Land Public Scientific Technological Library, 528-page, p. xv (in Russian) ISBN five-94560-116-0
  11. ^ Yuri Mandrika (2004). Tobolsk Governorate Vedomosti: Staff and Authors. Anthology of Tobolsk Journalism of the late XIX – early Xx centuries in 2 Books // The Kornilievs, Tobolsk Manufacturers commodity by Stepan Mameev, p. 314. – Tumen: Mandr i Ka, 624 pages
  12. ^ Eugenie Babaev (2009). "Mendelievia. Part 3" commodity from the Chemical science and Life – 21st Century journal at the MSU Faculty of Chemistry website (in Russian)
  13. ^ Alexei Storonkin, Roman Dobrotyn (1984). D. I. Mendeleev's Life and Work Chronicles. Leningrad: Nauka, 539 pages, p. 25
  14. ^ Nadezhda Gubkina (1908). Family unit Chronicles. Memories well-nigh D. I. Mendeleev. Saint Petersburg, 252 pages
  15. ^ "Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev comes from indigenous Russian people", p. 5 // Olga Tritogova-Mendeleeva (1947). Mendeleev and His Family. Moscow: Academy of Sciences Publishing Business firm, 104 pages
  16. ^ Anna Mendeleeva (1928). Mendeleev in Life. Moscow: Chiliad. and S. Sabashnikov Publishing House, 194 pages
  17. ^ Loren R. Graham, Scientific discipline in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History, Cambridge University Printing (1993), p. 45
  18. ^ Isaac Asimov, Asimov on Chemistry, Anchoor Books (1975), p. 101
  19. ^ Leslie Alan Horvitz, Eureka!: Scientific Breakthroughs that Changed the World, John Wiley & Sons (2002), p. 45
  20. ^ Lennard Bickel, The deadly element: the story of uranium, Stein and Day (1979), p. 22
  21. ^ Hiebert, Ray Eldon; Hiebert, Roselyn (1975). Atomic Pioneers: From ancient Greece to the 19th century. U.Due south. Atomic Free energy Committee. Division of Technical Information. p. 25.
  22. ^ Gordin, Michael D. (2004). A Well-ordered Matter: Dmitrii Mendeleev and the Shadow of the Periodic Table. Bones Books. pp. 229–230. ISBN978-0-465-02775-0. Mendeleev seemed to have very few theological commitments. This was not for lack of exposure. His upbringing was actually heavily religious, and his mother – by far the dominating forcefulness in his youth – was exceptionally devout. I of his sisters even joined a fanatical religious sect for a time. Despite, or peradventure because of, this groundwork, Mendeleev withheld comment on religious affairs for most of his life, reserving his few words for anti-clerical witticisms ... Mendeleev's son Ivan subsequently vehemently denied claims that his father was devoutly Orthodox: "I have also heard the view of my father's 'church religiosity' – and I must refuse this categorically. From his earliest years Begetter practically split from the church – and if he tolerated certain simple everyday rites, then simply as an innocent national tradition, like to Easter cakes, which he didn't consider worth fighting against." ... Mendeleev's opposition to traditional Orthodoxy was not due to either disbelief or scientific materialism. Rather, he held to a form of romanticized deism.
  23. ^ Johnson, George (3 January 2006). "The Nitpicking of the Masses vs. the Potency of the Experts". The New York Times . Retrieved fourteen March 2011.
  24. ^ When the Princeton historian of science Michael Gordin reviewed this article as part of an analysis of the accuracy of Wikipedia for the xiv December 2005 consequence of Nature, he cited every bit one of Wikipedia's errors that "They say Mendeleev is the 14th kid. He is the 14th surviving kid of 17 full. 14 is right out." Notwithstanding in a Jan 2006 commodity in The New York Times, it was noted that in Gordin's own 2004 biography of Mendeleev, he also had the Russian chemist listed as the 17th child, and quoted Gordin's response to this as being: "That's curious. I believe that is a typographical fault in my book. Mendeleyev was the final child, that is sure, and the number the reliable sources have is 13." Gordin's book specifically says that Mendeleev's female parent bore her hubby "seventeen children, of whom eight survived to immature adulthood", with Mendeleev being the youngest. See: Johnson, George (iii January 2006). "The Nitpicking of the Masses vs. the Authority of the Experts". The New York Times. and Gordin, Michael (22 December 2005). "Supplementary information to accompany Nature news article "Net encyclopaedias get head to caput" (Nature 438, 900–901; 2005)" (PDF). Blogs.Nature.com. p. 178 – via 2004.
  25. ^ a b c d due east f Heilbron 2003, p. 509.
  26. ^ "Семья Д.И.Менделеева". Rustest.spb.ru. Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2010.
  27. ^ John B. Arden (1998). "Science, Theology and Consciousness", Praeger Frederick A. p. 59: "The initial expression of the commonly used chemic periodic table was reportedly envisioned in a dream. In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev claimed to have had a dream in which he envisioned a table in which all the chemical elements were arranged co-ordinate to their atomic weight."
  28. ^ John Kotz, Paul Treichel, Gabriela Weaver (2005). "Chemical science and Chemic Reactivity," Cengage Learning. p. 333
  29. ^ Gerard I. Nierenberg (1986). "The art of creative thinking", Simon & Schuster, p. 201: Dmitri Mendeleev's solution for the arrangement of the elements that came to him in a dream.
  30. ^ Helen Palmer (1998). "Inner Knowing: Consciousness, Inventiveness, Insight, and Intuition". J.P. Tarcher/Putnam. p. 113: "The sewing machine, for instance, invented by Elias Howe, was adult from fabric appearing in a dream, equally was Dmitri Mendeleev'due south periodic table of elements"
  31. ^ Simon Southward. Godfrey (2003). Dreams & Reality. Trafford Publishing. Chapter 2.: "The Russian chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev (1834–1907), described a dream in which he saw the periodic table of elements in its complete form." ISBN ane-4120-1143-4
  32. ^ "The Soviet Review Translations" Summer 1967. Vol. VIII, No. 2, M.Eastward. Sharpe, Incorporated, p. 38
  33. ^ Myron E. Sharpe, (1967). "Soviet Psychology". Volume 5, p. 30.
  34. ^ "A brief history of the development of the flow table", wou.edu
  35. ^ "Mendeleev and the Periodic Table" Archived 12 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, chemsheets.co.u.k.
  36. ^ Seaborg, Glenn T (20 May 1994). "The Periodic Table: Tortuous path to man-made elements". Modern Abracadabra: Selected Papers of Glenn T Seaborg. World Scientific. p. 179. ISBN978-981-4502-99-three . Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  37. ^ Pfennig, Brian W. (3 March 2015). Principles of Inorganic Chemical science. Wiley. p. 109. ISBN978-ane-118-85902-5 . Retrieved iv March 2016.
  38. ^ Nye, Mary Jo (2016). "Speaking in Tongues: Scientific discipline's centuries-long hunt for a mutual linguistic communication". Distillations. 2 (1): forty–43. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  39. ^ Gordin, Michael D. (2015). Scientific Boom-boom: How Science Was Done Earlier and Afterward Global English language. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Printing. ISBN978-0-226-00029-nine.
  40. ^ Marshall, James L. Marshall; Marshall, Virginia R. Marshall (2007). "Rediscovery of the elements: The Periodic Table" (PDF). The Hexagon: 23–29. Retrieved xxx Dec 2019.
  41. ^ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1956). The discovery of the elements (6th ed.). Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Didactics.
  42. ^ Scerri, Eric (2019). The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance (2d ed.). Oxford Academy Press. pp. 142–143. ISBN9780190914363 . Retrieved thirteen Dec 2019.
  43. ^ Emsley, John (2001). Nature'southward Edifice Blocks ((Hardcover, First Edition) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 521–522. ISBN978-0-19-850340-viii.
  44. ^ Otto Böhtlingk, Panini'southward Grammatik: Herausgegeben, Ubersetzt, Erlautert und MIT Verschiedenen Indices Versehe. Leningrad, 1839–40.
  45. ^ Kiparsky, Paul. "Economy and the construction of the Sivasutras". In M.1000. Deshpande and South. Bhate (eds.), Paninian Studies. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1991.
  46. ^ Kak, Subhash (2004). "Mendeleev and the Periodic Tabular array of Elements". Sandhan. four (ii): 115–123. arXiv:physics/0411080. Bibcode:2004physics..11080K.
  47. ^ "The Grammar of the Elements". American Scientist. iv October 2019. Retrieved 19 Oct 2019.
  48. ^ "The Soviet Review Translations". Summer 1967. Vol. VIII, No. two, M.East. Sharpe, Incorporated, p. 39
  49. ^ "Dmitri Mendeleev". RSC Education. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  50. ^ "Менделеев обвенчался за взятку". Gazeta.ua. 10 Apr 2007. Retrieved xiii March 2010.
  51. ^ a b c d One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication at present in the public domain:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mendeléeff, Dmitri Ivanovich". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. eighteen (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 115.
  52. ^ John Westward. Moore; Conrad L. Stanitski; Peter C. Jurs (2007). Chemistry: The Molecular Science, Volume ane. ISBN978-0-495-11598-4 . Retrieved six September 2011.
  53. ^ Gribbin, J (2002). The Scientists: A History of Scientific discipline Told Through the Lives of Its Greatest Inventors. New York: Random Firm. p. 378. Bibcode:2003shst.book.....G. ISBN978-0-8129-6788-iii.
  54. ^ Friedman, Robert G. (2001). The politics of excellence: behind the Nobel Prize in science. New York: Times Books. pp. 32–34. ISBN978-0-7167-3103-0.
  55. ^ Last and Near-Terminal Words of the Famous, Infamous and Those In-Between By Joseph W. Lewis Jr. M.D.
  56. ^ Mendeleev, D., 1877. L'Origine du pétrole. Revue Scientifique, 2e Ser., Viii, pp. 409–416.
  57. ^ Alexander Vucinich, "Mendeleev's Views on science and order," ISIS 58:342-51.
  58. ^ Francis Michael Stackenwalt, "Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendeleev and the Emergence of the Modern Russian Petroleum Industry, 1863–1877." Ambix 45.ii (1998): 67-84.
  59. ^ Vincent Barnett, "Catalysing Growth?: Mendeleev and the 1891 Tariff." in W. Samuels, ed., A Research Annual: Research in the History of Economic Idea and Methodology (2004) Vol. 22 Part 1 pp. 123-144. https://doi.org/ten.1016/S0743-4154(03)22004-6 Online
  60. ^ Woods, Gordon (2007). "Mendeleev - The Homo and his Legacy".
  61. ^ Nathan Thousand. Brooks, "Mendeleev and metrology." Ambix 45.2 (1998): 116-128.
  62. ^ Michael D. Gordin, "Measure out of all the Russias: Metrology and governance in the Russian Empire." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 4.4 (2003): 783-815.
  63. ^ Don C. Rawson, "Mendeleev and the Scientific Claims of Spiritualism." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Guild 122.i (1978): 1-eight.
  64. ^ Sainsburys: Russian Standard Vodka 1L Linked 2014-06-28
  65. ^ a b c Evseev, Anton (21 November 2011). "Dmitry Mendeleev and 40 degrees of Russian vodka". Science. Moscow: English Pravda.ru. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  66. ^ Meija, Juris (2009). "Mendeleyev vodka challenge". Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 394 (1): ix–10. doi:10.1007/s00216-009-2710-3. PMID 19288087. S2CID 1123151.
  67. ^ ВНИИМ Дизайн Груп (13 Apr 2011). "D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology". Vniim.ru. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  68. ^ Saint-PetersburgState University. "Museum-Archives north.a. Dmitry Mendeleev – Museums – Civilization and Sport – University – Saint-Petersburg state university". Eng.spbu.ru. Archived from the original on 15 March 2010. Retrieved nineteen Baronial 2012.
  69. ^ "D. Mendeleyev Academy of Chemical Applied science of Russian federation". Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2012.
  70. ^ "Mendeleevite-Ce". Mindat.org . Retrieved 13 December 2019.
  71. ^ "Mendeleevite-Nd". Mindat.org . Retrieved 13 Dec 2019.
  72. ^ Academy website

Further reading

  • Gordin, Michael (2004). A Well-Ordered Thing: Dmitrii Mendeleev and the Shadow of the Periodic Table. New York: Basic Books. ISBN978-0-465-02775-0.
  • Heilbron, John Fifty. (2003). The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science. Oxford University Printing. ISBN978-0-nineteen-974376-6.
  • Mendeleev, Dmitry Ivanovich; Jensen, William B. (2005). Mendeleev on the Periodic Law: Selected Writings, 1869–1905. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN978-0-486-44571-seven.
  • Strathern, Paul (2001). Mendeleyev's Dream: The Quest For the Elements. New York: St Martins Press. ISBN978-0-241-14065-9.
  • Mendeleev, Dmitrii Ivanovich (1901). Principles of Chemistry. New York: Collier.

External links

  • Works past Dmitri Mendeleev at Project Gutenberg
  • Babaev, Eugene Five. (Feb 2009). Dmitriy Mendeleev: A Brusk CV, and A Story of Life – 2009 biography on the occasion of Mendeleev'southward 175th ceremony
  • Babaev, Eugene V., Moscow State University. Dmitriy Mendeleev Online
  • Original Periodic Table, annotated.
  • "Everything in its Identify", essay by Oliver Sacks
  • Works by or about Dmitri Mendeleev in libraries (WorldCat itemize)
  • Dmitri Mendeleev'southward official site

blissvelint.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitri_Mendeleev

0 Response to "Dmitri Mendeleev Black and White Art Dmitri Mendeleev Black and White Art His Head"

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)

Iklan Atas Artikel

Iklan Tengah Artikel 1

Iklan Tengah Artikel 2

Iklan Bawah Artikel